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Science
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ADIPOSE fin removal found to be best means to distinguish farmed salmon in case of escape
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Posted by: Administrator on
Friday, May 17, 2013 8:00 AM
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A research project by the Norwegian food institute Nofima found that visible marking of farmed salmon is the easier and cheapest way to differentiate escaped farmed salmon from their wild counterpart. Farmed fish escapes constitute one of the major challenges faced by the global (and Norwegian) salmon farming industry. The Nofima project assessed three methods: complete and partial removal of the adipose fin, freeze branding and visible implant elastomer (VIE); none of which had an impact on growth or survival. Removal of the farmed salmon's adipose fins (performed on anaesthetised fish at a weight of 20-50g) was found to be the easiest and cheapest method, and is not associated with any negative reaction. “There is reason to believe that this is no different to the tagging of animals, which has been common for a long time,” said Senior Scientist Atle Mortensen. For the three methods, all the marks were clearly visible four months after the date of marking, but after 10 months the freeze branding had completely disappeared and the VIE marking was difficult to read; leaving adipose fin removal as the best option. A survey among the Norwegian Seafood Council’s international representatives also found that the removal of adipose fins can be a potential “problem” if the fish are sold whole, but the focus on this varies 'from market to market'. Most of the U.S. (bar in Alaska's aquaculture-dependent “enhanced” fisheries?) and Canadian salmon transferred from hatcheries to sea cages have had their adipose fin removed. The procedure may be performed manually or mechanically. But doing so for the ~200 million salmon smolts released yearly in Norway presents its own set of challenges. The Food Safety Authority says fin removal must be made in compliance with Animal Welfare regulation and recommends that such marking should occur in conjunction with vaccination to avoid unnecessary stress; but such a dual operation is not yet possible mechanically. More below...
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Politics
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INTERNATIONAL law gives Iceland “incontestable right to fair portion” of shared mackerel stock
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Posted by: Administrator on
Thursday, May 16, 2013 3:09 PM
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The Goverment of Iceland has just responded to the UK's Marine Conservation Society's decision (which it says is “one-sided”) today (May 16) to re-list Icelandic mackerel as a ‘fish to avoid’, and to de-list the EU/Scottish mackerel from that same category (read SeafoodIntelligence's editorial this morning). Steingrímur J. Sigfússon, Iceland's Minister of Industries and Innovation, said: “ We are disappointed by the Marine Conservation Society’s decision to re-list Icelandic mackerel as ‘fish to avoid’ for consumers while upgrading European mackerel . This unreasonable move toward Icelandic mackerel does not consider the scientific facts of the debate and Iceland’s repeated efforts to find a fair solution to mackerel fishing quotas. Because the Marine Conservation Society did not engage with Iceland’s government or Iceland Responsible Fisheries prior to issuing its ratings, we hope to meet with the organisation as soon as possible [...]. The portion of the total mackerel stock inhabiting Iceland’s waters has increased massively from 23 percent in 2010 and 2011 to 30 percent in 2012. Despite this, the EU and Norway met behind closed doors to jointly claim 90 percent of the recommended 2013 total mackerel catch, a significantly oversized portion which left only 10 percent for Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Russia combined. According to international law, Iceland, like the other Coastal States, has an incontestable right to a fair portion of this shared fish stock, particularly to ensure that overpopulation does not damage our marine ecosystem. [...] Iceland’s government and fishing industry are eager to find a solution as soon as possible and again ask the Coastal States to return to the negotiating table in good faith. ” More below... |
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Climate Change
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'FISH thermometer' reveals long-standing, global impact of climate change on fish... and fisheries
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Posted by: Administrator on
Thursday, May 16, 2013 12:00 PM
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In a Nature study published May 15, researchers from the University of British Columbia (UBC) used temperature preferences of fish and other marine species as a sort of “thermometer” to assess effects of climate change on the world's oceans between 1970 and 2006. They found that global fisheries catches were increasingly dominated by warm-water species as a result of fish migrating towards the poles in response to rising ocean temperatures. “ One way for marine animals to respond to ocean warming is by moving to cooler regions,” says the study's lead author William Cheung of UBC's Fisheries Centre. “ As a result, places like New England on the northeast coast of the U.S. saw new species typically found in warmer waters […] in the tropics, climate change meant fewer marine species and reduced catches, with serious implications for food security.” Co-author Daniel Pauly, principal investigator with UBC's Sea Around Us Project, added: “ We've been talking about climate change as if it's something that's going to happen in the distant future […] it has been affecting our fisheries and oceans for decades […] These global changes have implications for everyone in every part of the planet.” NB Ed: Some of the consequences of climate change on international fisheries management and trade [+/- disputes] is exemplified by the ongoing 'mackerel war' between the EU-27, Norway, Iceland, and the Faroes – which incidentally makes the subject of our Editorial today. It is one of the first - but not last - such climate change-related fisheries disputes. There is an urgent need for nations and decision-makers to factor-in such climate change impacts (and their eventuality at a later date), not only in mitigation/preparedness plans (when they exist) but also in flexible & relevant legally-binding regulatory frameworks… |
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Health & Nutrition
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RESISTANT bacteria remain an “important issue” that can affect humans through animals & food
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Posted by: Administrator on
Thursday, May 16, 2013 11:30 AM
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The third joint EFSA and ECDC report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria affecting humans, animals and foods shows the continued presence of resistance to a range of antimicrobials in Salmonella and Campylobacter, the main bacteria causing food-borne infections in the European Union (EU). “Nevertheless, co-resistance (combined resistance) to two critically important antimicrobials, remains low,” writes the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) today (May 16) as it publishes the report based on data collected by EU Member States for 2011. A high proportion of Campylobacter bacteria,the primary cause of foodborne diseases in the EU, found in humans, food-producing animals and food was resistant to the critically important antimicrobial ciprofloxacin whereas low resistance was recorded for erythromycin, a second critically important antimicrobial. Overall in the EU, co-resistance to critically important antimicrobials was low, which indicates that treatment options remain available so far for severe infections with these bacteria. In addition, high resistance was recorded for commonly used antimicrobials. In Salmonella multidrug resistance, or resistance to at least three different antimicrobial classes, was high overall in the EU. Go to the EFSA's Antimicrobial Resistance webpage for more information. More details below... |
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Editorial
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OBJECTIVE? UK's Marine Conservation Society regrades mackerel; EU/Norway vs. Iceland/Faroes advisory
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Posted by: Administrator on
Thursday, May 16, 2013 6:01 AM
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The Scottish fishing industry and Government welcomed this morning (May 16) the Marine Conservation Society (MCS)’s decisions to re-grade European mackerel to a yellow “three” rating (i.e. 'people can eat it occasionally without endangering the species') while re-listing mackerel caught by Icelandic and Faroese trawlers with a ‘red four’ (“avoid”). Fishing Minister Richard Lochhead said: “ I am pleased that the MCS has taken a more sensible approach to this issue by upgrading our sustainably caught mackerel. It is important that the grading is fair and recognises the difference between that which is sustainably caught and that which is not.” NB Ed: On January 22, the MCS issued a downgrade: “ After years of being a popular sustainable choice, mackerel should no longer be appearing so regularly on your dinner plate.” Uproar and intense lobbying ensued to make the MCS reconsider… The problem is that NE Atlantic mackerel's climate change-induced shifts of migratory patterns know of 'no frontiers'. Iceland's Government said Tuesday that “ 30% of the mackerel stock was in Iceland’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in 2012. In addition, mackerel gain approximately 50% of their weight in Iceland’s territory”; yet Iceland is only 'given' ~5% of the international catch (TAC), whereas the EU & Norway have continued to allocate (themselves) ~90%. Agreement on the 4-year 'mackerel war' has to be reached legally/collegially by all Coastal States. Until then: each party will claim – arguably in good faith - that 'others' are acting “unilaterally” and “unsustainably”. An advisory made in isolation of those – political / climate change / international law - considerations is ignoring (somewhat condoning) a de facto situation where mackerel stocks are and will be overfished by up to 50% above ICES-recommended levels in 2013. It is also 'taking a side'… |
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Speaking of the n°1 ranking of Cermaq in SeafoodIntelligence's 2012's benchmarking survey of the world's top salmon & trout farmers' communication over corporate, social and environmental responsibility (CSR/Sustainability) reporting, the Norwegian Minister of Industry and Trade, Mr. Trond Giske, said on August 22, 2012: “It is very good news that Cermaq for the second year has been rated as no 1of the world's leading farming and feed producers in the benchmark report about communication of the company's social responsibility. It is my hope that Cermaq's sustainability report can be an inspiration for others.”
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1. Do you eat seafood/fish; How often?
| No, Never! (2) |  2% | | Once a month or less (10) | 9% | | 2/3 times a month (29) | 27% | | Once a week (25) | 24% | | Twice a week (22) | 21% | | More than twice a week (18) | 17% |
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2. Do you believe aquaculture/fish farming is to play an increasingly important role in providing seafood (vs. 'wild catch') in years ahead?
| Yes (84) | 80% | | No (15) | 14% | | Don't know (6) | 6% |
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3. Are your views on the food you purchase influenced by what you hear, read & see in/from advertising, reports in media, adocacy groups, social media networks?
| Yes (67) | 64% | | No (37) | 36% |
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4. Do you ever question yourself as to 'whom' & 'what' (commercial, trade, other) interest(s) lies behind a particular (NGO, social media, advertising) campaign?
| Yes (83) | 81% | | No (14) | 14% | | Never thought about it before... (6) | 6% |
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5. Do you believe, all heard, that the health 'benefits' of consuming seafood outweigh the 'risks'?
| Yes (73) | 70% | | No (15) | 14% | | I'm confused & not sure what to believe... (16) | 15% |
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6. Have you changed your food purchasing habits & patterns (species & products bought or not bought) in the past 12-months as a result of recent findings/reports/allegations?
| Yes (53) | 52% | | No (48) | 48% |
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7. Are you aware of the rampant issue of mis-labelling, fish substitution, etc. in Europe, USA and elsewhere?
| Yes (73) | 72% | | No (29) | 28% |
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8. Do you look for specific eco-labels when you purchase (sea)foods?
| Yes (52) | 53% | | No (47) | 47% |
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9. Do you believe that LACK OF eco-label = not sustainable (sea)food?
| Yes (37) | 36% | | No (67) | 64% |
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10. Are you in favour of the US FDA authorising GM/transgenic salmon for commercial production & human consumption?
| Yes (13) | 12% | | No (64) | 60% | | I don't know & need more information... (29) | 27% |
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11. Do you believe the difference between a 'wild' fish (born & bred in the wild, with specific genetic traits) and a 'ranched' fish (hatched & born in hatchery; released & harvested in the wild; often with specifically different genetic traits) is a significant one?
| Yes (67) | 64% | | No (31) | 30% | | I don't know & need more information... (7) | 7% |
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12. Should consumers know if the Pacific salmon they buy is 'truly wild' or 'ranched (born in hatcheries & caught in the wild)'; Should it be labelled?
| Yes (81) | 76% | | No (22) | 21% | | I don't know & need more information... (3) | 3% |
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13. Is it right for firms to sue anti-fish farming activists, if what they say is considered defamatory?
| Yes (62) | 60% | | No (31) | 30% | | I'm not sure... (11) | 11% |
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14. Do you believe 'free speech' should apply to all/any comments by aquaculture opponents?
| Yes (57) | 55% | | No (34) | 33% | | I don't know, it really depends... (12) | 12% |
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15. Are you in favour of the development of sustainable offshore aquaculture (open ocean aquaculture; 'OOA') (>3 miles at sea), in the US & elsewhere?
| Yes (68) | 64% | | No (22) | 21% | | I don't know & need more information... (16) | 15% |
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16. Do you believe salmon will ever be commercially farmed off the waters of Alaska?
| No, Never! (19) | 18% | | Yes, within 10 years (26) | 25% | | Yes, within 20 years (28) | 26% | | Yes but I have no idea when... (18) | 17% | | I really don't know... (15) | 14% |
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17. Do you believe 'closed-contained' aquaculture should be the compulsory fish farming method of the future in British Columbia and elsewhere?
| Yes (22) | 22% | | No (43) | 43% | | No, but it would be advisable (21) | 21% | | I don't know & need more information... (15) | 15% |
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18. Do you believe Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) should play a more important role in fisheries management worldwide in the future?
| Yes (72) | 70% | | No (22) | 21% | | I don't know & need more information... (9) | 9% |
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19. Have you seen 'The End of the Line' and/or 'Hugh's Fish Fight' series & have you agreed generally with most of the depictions made of the commercial seafood sector?
| Yes: Seen both & fully agree (12) | 11% | | No: Seen both & generally disagree! (15) | 14% | | Yes: Seen End of the Line & fully agree (2) | 2% | | No: Seen End of the Line & generally disagree! (7) | 7% | | Yes: Seen Hugh's Fish Fight & fully agree (4) | 4% | | No: Seen Hugh's Fish Fight & generally disagree! (6) | 6% | | I've seen none of those documentaries (59) | 56% |
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20. Which of the following food produces & sectors, which do you believe generally experiences the MOST NEGATIVE press coverage?
| Pig/Pork (4) | 4% | | Beef/Dairy (9) | 9% | | Chicken/Poultry (19) | 19% | | Wild-Caught Seafood in general (9) | 9% | | Farmed Seafood in general (13) | 13% | | Farmed Salmon in particular (46) | 46% | | Fruits & Vegetables (1) | 1% |
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21. Amongst the following food produces & sectors, which do you believe has the GREATER environmental impact?
| Pig/Pork (17) | 16% | | Beef/Dairy (38) | 36% | | Chicken/Poultry (8) | 8% | | Wild-caught Seafood in general (13) | 12% | | Farmed Seafood in general (3) | 3% | | Farmed Salmon (10) | 10% | | Fruits & Vegetables (16) | 15% |
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22. Amongst the following food produces & sectors, which do you believe uses MOST fossil energy/fuel per kg of food produced?
| Pig/Pork (8) | 8% | | Beef/Dairy (39) | 37% | | Chicken/Poultry (7) | 7% | | Wild-caught Seafood in general (32) | 30% | | Farmed Seafood in general (6) | 6% | | Farmed Salmon (6) | 6% | | Fruits & Vegetables (8) | 8% |
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23. Amongst the following food produces & sectors, which do you believe uses MOST pesticides per kg of food produced?
| Pig/Pork (0) | 0% | | Beef/Dairy (13) | 12% | | Chicken/Poultry (7) | 7% | | Wild-caught Seafood in general (0) | 0% | | Farmed Seafood in general (5) | 5% | | Farmed Salmon (10) | 9% | | Fruits & Vegetables (71) | 67% |
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24. Amongst the following food produces & sectors, which do you believe uses MOST veterinary drugs per kg of food produced?
| Pig/Pork (13) | 12% | | Beef/Dairy (23) | 22% | | Chicken/Poultry (44) | 42% | | Wild-caught Seafood in general (2) | 2% | | Farmed Seafood in general (3) | 3% | | Farmed Salmon (19) | 18% | | Fruits & Vegetables (1) | 1% |
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25. Amongst the following food produces & sectors, which do you believe REQUIRES the largest land/sea area per kg of food produced?
| Pig/Pork (1) | 1% | | Beef/Dairy (53) | 51% | | Chicken/Poultry (1) | 1% | | Wild-caught Seafood in general (10) | 10% | | Farmed Seafood in general (3) | 3% | | Farmed Salmon (10) | 10% | | Fruits & Vegetables (25) | 24% |
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26. Amongst the following food produces you purchase, which is the one you believe has the GREATER 'Food miles' & carbon footprint per kg of food produced?
| Pig/Pork (3) | 3% | | Beef/Dairy (31) | 30% | | Chicken/Poultry (2) | 2% | | Wild-caught Seafood in general (29) | 28% | | Farmed Seafood in general (4) | 4% | | Farmed Salmon (5) | 5% | | Fruits & Vegetables (29) | 28% |
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27. Finally, in which category would you put yourself in?
| General Consumer / Public (23) | 18% | | Fishing Industry (7) | 5% | | Salmon Farming (18) | 14% | | Shellfish Farming (6) | 5% | | Other Aquaculture (3) | 2% | | Seafood Processing (5) | 4% | | Seafood Retailer (2) | 2% | | Chef / Restaurant Staff (6) | 5% | | Industry Representatives (6) | 5% | | Governmental Official (4) | 3% | | Politicians/ Regulator (1) | 1% | | Advocacy / Environmental NGO (1) | 1% | | Business / Finance / Insurance (9) | 7% | | Media / Commentator / Analyst (3) | 2% | | Consultancy & PR (6) | 5% | | Angler / Sport-Fisherman (8) | 6% | | Biologists / Scientists (5) | 4% | | Veterinarian / Fish Health (2) | 2% | | Marketing (4) | 3% | | Student / Education (2) | 2% | | Other (8) | 6% |
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